Indigenous Development of High-precision magnetometer Data Acquisition system for Geomagnetic observatories in Pakistan

This paper presents the indigenous development of a cost-effective Data Acquisition (DAQ) circuit for magnetometers, designed to meet the needs of geomagnetic field monitoring in Pakistan. The DAQ system utilizes a fluxgate sensor for high-resolution measurements, an ESP32 Dev module for parallel processing, and an ADS1256 ADC for precise signal conversion. The GPS module provides real-time location and timestamp, while an SD card stores data and a temperature-humidity sensor monitors environmental conditions. Kalman filtering is employed to minimize noise and improve accuracy. Rigorous testing at the Sonmiani Geomagnetic Observatory demonstrated the system's robust performance and high accuracy in field conditions. The integration of GPS and storage made this design advanced and featured in comaparison with imported system. By developing this local solution, we aim to reduce reliance on expensive imported DAQs and contribute to the advancement of scientific research infrastructure in Pakistan.