Design and Implementation of Green Internet of Things in Container-Based Multi-Loop Aquaponics System

To strengthen food security, initiatives, such as adapting Internet of Things (IoT) technology, are often proposed to augment food production and quality. While farm operators can remotely and wirelessly monitor and control their farm systems and operations with IoT technology, conventional IoT infrastructure lacks energy-saving strategies, thereby increasing energy consumption and cost. This paper aims to design and implement a green IoT infrastructure in a containerbased multi-loop aquaponics system (CMAS). Modeling and simulation of IoT architectures with and without sensor placement optimization and sampling interval optimization were conducted. Simulation results reveal a considerable energy saving of up to $\mathbf{4 2. 1 \%}$ for a green IoT architecture with optimal sensor placement and a 30 -second sampling interval between IoT devices in a CMAS.