A Weak Anomaly Signal Enhancement Method Based on Vector Magnetic Sensor

In complex magnetic field detection scenarios, magnetic anomaly detection signals are often submerged in environmental magnetic noise and are difficult to identify. A new method for enhancing weak anomaly signals based on vector magnetic sensors is proposed. The new method uses a stochastic resonance (SR) system based on an exponential potential function to process preprocessed vector magnetic signals. Then, the enhancement factor of magnetic anomaly signals is calculated based on the SR processing results of vector signals. Finally, by combining the signal enhancement factor with the preprocessed total field signal, the proposed method effectively suppresses background noise, amplifies weak magnetic anomaly signals, and enhances detection reliability. Simulations and experiments show that the proposed method exhibits excellent performance under various noise backgrounds. Compared with the original real signal with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of −15 dB, the SNR of this proposed method is improved by 16.5 dB, and is superior to many typical methods for processing magnetic anomaly signals. In addition, the proposed method has achieved good results in field tests of magnetic anomaly measurement, effectively processing and enhancing magnetic anomalies in low SNR acquisition signals.