Compact Dual-Band Camera-Integrated Antenna for Deep-Implanted Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

A novel compact camera-integrated dual-band im-plantable antenna designed specifically for wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is presented for the first time. The antenna operates in two critical frequency bands: the Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) band at 610 MHz and the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band at 2400 MHz. By employing arc-shaped slots on arc-shaped patches, the antenna achieves significant miniaturization, with a total volume of just 92.3 mm 3, Performance evaluation was carried out using homogeneous phantom models that mimic various tissues, such as the small and large intestines, muscle, and stomach. At an implantation depth of 100 mm, the antenna exhibited gain values of −35.3 dBi for the stomach, −35.8 dBi for muscle, −37.5 dBi for the large intestine, and −56.9 dBi for the small intestine in the WMTS frequency band. In the ISM frequency band, the gains were −29.7 dBi for muscle, −30.2 dBi for the stomach, −33.2 dBi for the large intestine, and −55.6 dBi for the small intestine. The simulated impedance bandwidths were approximately 8 MHz at 610 MHz and 25 MHz at 2400 MHz, indicating consistent performance across different tissues. Furthermore, the isolation between antenna elements exceeded 25 dB, minimizing interference. The antenna's robust performance positions it as a promising candidate for future wireless capsule endoscopy applications.