Synthesis of Omnidirectional Path Loss Model Based on Directional Model and Multi-Elliptical Geometry

Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology offers high throughput but has a limited radio range, necessitating the use of directional antennas or beamforming systems such as massive MIMO. Path loss (PL) models using narrow-beam antennas are known as directional models, while those using omnidirectional antennas are referred to as omnidirectional models. To standardize the analysis, omnidirectional PL models for mmWave ranges have been introduced, including TR 38.901 by 3GPP, which is based on measurements from directional antennas. However, synthesizing these measurements can be complex and time-consuming. This study proposes a numerical approach to derive an omnidirectional model from directional data using multi-elliptical geometry. We assessed the effectiveness of this method against existing PL models for mmWaves that are available in the literature.