A Wideband WiFi/NB-IoT On-Glass Antenna for Smart Building Applications

In this work, an on-glass antenna is proposed for IoT and smart building applications. The dielectric properties of five common glass types used in architecture were investigated. Clear glass, 3 mm thick, was selected as the substrate. The antenna is a rectangular monopole with a coplanar waveguide feed and an asymmetric ground. It was designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS, then fabricated using clear glass and copper tape. Measurements of the reflection coefficient and radiation pattern showed good agreement with simulations. The antenna exhibits a bidirectional radiation pattern, with 2.8 dBi gain and 94.82% radiation efficiency at 2.1 GHz and 3.9 dBi gain and 95.72% radiation efficiency at 2.4 GHz, respectively. A −10 dB bandwidth of 650 MHz (29.3%) centered at 2.215 GHz was achieved. The proposed antenna shows promise for integration with architectural glass elements in smart building applications, such as smart glass doors and windows.