FAFormer: Frequency-Analysis-Based Transformer Focusing on Correlation and Specificity for Pansharpening

Pan-sharpening refers to fusing remote sensing multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) images to generate high-resolution multispectral (HR-MS) images. Recent advancements in deep learning-based pan-sharpening techniques have shown promising results. However, they face the following two issues. On one hand, there is a modality gap between MS and PAN images. Directly fusing them can lead to spectral and spatial distortions. On the other hand, the fusion process is prone to information loss, which can lead to image blurriness. To tackle these issues, we develop a Transformer-based model: FAFormer, which incorporates frequency analysis and focuses on the correlation and specificity of the PAN and MS images. Focusing on correlation can reduce the spectral and spatial distortions while focusing on specificity can reflect the specific information from MS and PAN images in the fusion result. We utilize the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to obtain the correlate and specific features. We introduce bijective functions based on the Transformer to design an integrated attention block (IAB). As a critical component of the model, it effectively utilizes the correlation and specificity of the two images. In designing the model’s overall framework, we employ a correlative feature attention module (CFAM) to leverage the correlation between MS and PAN. We utilize a specific feature attention module (SFAM) to integrate specific information into fused features gradually. Experimental results show that our method improves pan-sharpening performance and has practical value. Codes are available at https://github.com/Xidian-AIGroup190726/FAFormer