Co-Design of Sustainable Embedded Systems-on-Chip

This paper introduces a novel approach to the co-design of sustainable embedded systems through multi-objective design space exploration (DSE). We propose a two-phase methodology that optimizes both the multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) architecture and application mappings, considering sustainability, reliability, performance, and cost as optimization objectives. Our method thereby accounts for both operational and embodied emissions, providing a more comprehensive assessment of sustainability. First, an individual intra-application DSE is performed to explore Pareto-optimal constraint graphs for each application. The second phase, an inter-application DSE, combines these results to explore sustainable target architectures and corresponding application mappings. Our approach incorporates detailed models for embodied emissions (scope 1 and scope 2), operational emissions, reliability, performance, and cost. The evaluation demonstrates that our sustainability-aware DSE is able to explore design spaces, supported by superior results in four key objectives. This enables the development of sustainable embedded systems whilst achieving high performance and reliability.