Application Research of Wireless Sensor Networks in Space Science Experiment Environment Monitoring of Chinese Space Station

Space science experiments impose stringent requirements for the measurement of environmental parameters. During the experimental process, real-time, high-precision, and in-situ data on environmental measurements are essential. Additionally, factors such as microgravity, radiation, magnetic fields, temperature, humidity, and other conditions can significantly influence the outcomes of scientific investigations across various domains including life sciences, materials science, and fundamental physics. Currently, the predominant methods for measuring environmental parameters in space science experiments rely heavily on wired sensor systems. While these systems offer advantages such as ample energy supply and straightforward information transmission, they also present challenges including substantial weight and power consumption demands as well as cumbersome cable deployment issues. This paper examines the measurement requirements for space science experiment environments; it explores advancements in wireless technology and wireless sensor networks while proposing a framework for deploying these networks in space settings. Utilizing wireless sensor networks to monitor environmental parameters presents benefits such as cost savings, real-time situational measurements, and reduced reliance on cabling.