Real-Time Soil Nutrient Monitoring Using NPK Sensors: Enhancing Precision Agriculture

This work describes a real-time soil nutrient monitoring system that makes use of NPK sensors in order to improve fertilizer management and precision agriculture. Using a 5V RS485 soil NPK sensor, a Max485 RS485 converter module, and a 20x4 LCD display, the system-which is based on the Arduino Nano platform-monitor nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels in real-time. Five locations in Odisha, India were used for field experiments: Tikamala, Podasing, Ramapur, Anukumpa, and Kankadaguda. A modest discrepancy of 10-12% was found when comparing sensor and laboratory data; sensor readings were typically somewhat lower than laboratory results. Notwithstanding these discrepancies, the method proved accurate enough for field application, allowing data-driven fertilizer applications and increasing resource efficiency. The aforementioned research highlights the significance of NPK sensors in sustainable farming methods, namely in enabling accurate nutrient management via real-time data.