Adaptive Flight Stabilization System using Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Control and Sensors

This paper presents the design and development of a low-cost flight stabilizer using an Arduino microcontroller and an MPU- 6050 accelerometer and gyroscope sensor to address instability issues in small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The primary challenge tackled in this study is the accurate measurement and real- time compensation of external disturbances affecting aircraft orientation. To achieve this, the proposed system continuously acquires accelerometer and gyroscope data to compute pitch, roll, and yaw, which are processed through a PID (Proportional- Integral-Derivative) control algorithm for precise motor adjustments. Key challenges such as sensor calibration errors, noise filtering, and response lag are systematically analyzed and mitigated through optimized signal processing techniques. Experimental results validate the system’s effectiveness in maintaining stable flight under dynamic conditions, demonstrating that low-cost embedded systems can provide reliable flight stabilization for small UAV applications.