A Study on the Modeling of ATP Depletion in Cardiac Muscle Cells Induced by Solar Proton Flux Using Differential Equations and Its Potential to Explain Sudden Unexpected Nocturnal Death Syndrome (SUNDS) in Thailand

This study models the dynamics of ATP depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in cardiac muscle cells under the influence of solar proton flux (SPF), focusing on both healthy individuals and heart disease patients. Using differential equations, the concentrations of ATP and ROS were simulated over a 24-hour period. In healthy individuals, ATP levels gradually decreased due to ROS-induced damage, with ROS concentrations peaking at the end of the 24-hour period. In contrast, heart disease patients, who started with lower ATP levels, experienced a faster depletion of ATP and a more rapid increase in ROS, indicating higher oxidative stress. These results demonstrated that solar proton flux exacerbates oxidative damage in cardiac cells. This effect is particularly pronounced in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions. This may link to another theory explaining Sudden Unexpected Nocturnal Death Syndrome (SUNDS) in Thailand. The study provides valuable insights into the potential effects of solar activity on heart health—especially in those with cardiovascular diseases. It also underscores the importance of maintaining ATP homeostasis in cardiac cells and calls for further research on therapeutic strategies to mitigate oxidative damage in the future.