Application of Integral Values in Relay Protection and Emergency Automation Devices Based on Arduino

Relay protection and emergency automation systems serve as automatic safeguards against damage and abnormal operating conditions in electrical components of power grids. They constitute a critical component that ensures the reliability and stability of these systems. The increasing demands on power systems, including higher loads, longer transmission lines, and stringent requirements for stability, pose challenges to the functioning of relay protection systems. Simultaneously, there is an increasing expectation for their operational efficiency. Consequently, there is a constant evolution in relay protection technology, with the goal of developing more advanced devices that align with the demands of the contemporary electricity industry. The majority of accidents in power systems are attributed to the operation of microprocessor-based relay protection devices that rely on similar physical principles. Additionally, one of the contributing factors to these incidents is the saturation of current transformers during short circuits, leading to a cascading effect in the network. This scenario becomes particularly critical when the malfunctioning of the protection system is a result of current transformer saturation. Such failures can result in the complete separation of the power grid, necessitating independent operation. Notable examples include incidents at the Rostov and Kalinin nuclear power plants. In response to this challenge, a novel microprocessor-based device will be designed and developed. Unlike existing solutions, this device will utilize integral measurements to provide a comprehensive analysis.