Potential of PV and Wind Energy-Based EV Charging Stations to Minimize Peak Load Demand

The increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) presents a challenge for electric utilities during peak load periods. To overcome these challenges demand response (DR) and time-of-use (ToU) pricing strategies are used, however, they disrupt user routines and make them less attractive. This study investigates the potential of integrating solar and wind energy-based EV charging stations as a solution to minimize peak load demand. The study considers a case study at the beach location of Brisbane, Australia. The case study considers the installation of 2 MW of solar and 1.2 MW of wind capacity. Results demonstrate a $45 \%$ reduction in grid energy consumption, with contributions of ${2 4 \%}$ from solar and $20.9 \%$ from wind energy. Additionally, the system achieves a $41 \%$ reduction in carbon emissions, significant cost savings, a $19.0 \%$ return on investment, and a 4.18-year payback period. Moreover, the energy cost is also reduced from 0.373 ${\$}$ / kWh to 0.256 ${\$}$ / k W h. These findings highlight the effectiveness of renewable energy in reducing peak load demand and associated costs while offering a sustainable solution for EV charging infrastructure.