Enhancement of Arduino-Based Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor

The calibration process involved comparing data from capacitive sensors with soil moisture content measured continuously by the volumetric water content (VWC) method. The results showed that sensor responses to soil moisture varied meaningfully across different soil textures, highlighting the need for texture-specific calibration to ensure measurement accuracy. A linear calibration function was identified as the most effective method for modeling sensor behavior across various soil types, guaranteeing reliable performance in diverse farming applications. The study concludes by accounting for a better and more efficient approach to developing a sensor for soil moisture detection.