A Trustworthy IoT-Based Supply Chain Traceability System With Semantic Multichain and Preblockchain Data Verification

The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in supply chain product traceability. However, traditional centralized traceability systems face challenges, such as data tampering, lack of trust, and single points of failure. Blockchain technology offers a decentralized and tamper-resistant alternative, yet it still encounters issues related to low query efficiency, unbalanced storage demands, and unreliable data sources. To address these challenges, this article proposes a new semantic multichain framework that dynamically allocates data to different semantic subchains. We also introduce an optimized query integrity verification strategy based on semantic aggregation, reducing the number of accessed blocks. We further refine the node allocation mechanism for subchains and establish a preblockchain data verification method to enhance data reliability. Experiments show that our solution reduces on-chain storage costs by 50%, improves query verification efficiency by 92% for 400000 data records, and achieves an anomaly detection accuracy rate exceeding 90%, compared to its alternatives. This approach enables efficient and trustworthy traceability with reduced storage overhead and enhanced data reliability. The source code and datasets are available at https://github.com/orgs/Supply-Chain-Traceability-System/repositories.