Quantum Computer Simulations of Quantum Pseudo-Telepathy (QPT) for the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) Game

Ongoing development and increased accessibility of quantum computing has allowed for broadly replicable demonstrations of previously theoretical formulated quantum games and thought experiments, simulated as well as across different quantum platforms. Quantum pseudo-telepathy (QPT) is one such unintuitive result, where the prior quantum entanglement of states can forego the need for classical communication to successfully complete simultaneously coordinated tasks. The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) game is one such demonstration of QPT by posing a particular three-player question game where a quantum strategy utilizing entangled states outperforms the best classical strategy. Through the use of OpenQASM 2.0 and IBM Quantum Platform, the entangled states with winning quantum strategies of the GHZ game are implemented, demonstrating the efficacies of a quantum strategy of 100% probability of winning in contrast to the 75% maximal winning probability of any classical strategy. Potential applications based on this winning quantum strategy of the GHZ game such as zero-knowledge shared authentication are also discussed.