Issues, Challenges, and Solution Options for On-Grid Multi-Microgrid Game Theory: A Systematic Review

Many studies have been conducted on the implementation of game theory approaches in optimizing energy trading and scheduling in multi-microgrid (MMG) systems, both in cooperative and non-cooperative games. This is because game theory is a rich field of study that can illustrate the self-interest nature of each player, in this case, each agent in the MMG system. However, there are still various issues in its implementation, both technical and non-technical. This article will focus on a systematic review of various relevant and credible literature papers on the game theory-based on-grid MMG topic using the Kitchenham method. The on-grid MMG system differs from the off-grid MMG system in that each MMG is connected with the conventional grid. This connection provides more flexibility in operation and various features, including multi-level interactions beyond peer-to-peer, asymmetric agents, the presence of distribution network operator, support and backup power from the grid, and an energy market pool. This literature review is done by collecting, analyzing, and understanding the issues and challenges in the implementation, the types of games and algorithms, techniques, and solution approaches used, as well as determining how far each game and existing solution can solve these problems. From the systematic review result, in general there are two types of games that can be played between agents: cooperative and non-cooperative, each with its own pros and cons. The technical issues and solutions in these games have been summarized with particular concern related to power systems, renewable energy, energy storage, agent interests, uncertainties, ICT, privacy and security, computation solutions, mechanisms, and cost and revenue. Research and future works recommendation related with on-grid MMG game theory subject is also described.