Energy Management System for Green Hydrogen Production — An Overview

Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a versatile energy carrier within renewable power systems because it stores and transfers energy, supports eco-friendly transportation, stabilises power grids, reduces emissions, and stores surplus energy. It also plays a pivotal role in enhancing corporate sustainability. Green hydrogen—produced from renewable sources such as wind, solar, hydropower, biomass, or biogas—is a clean alternative to conventional fuels. The multiplicity of feedstocks for green hydrogen production necessitates advanced energy management and optimization techniques to harmonize source contributions with fluctuating hydrogen demand patterns. This paper reviews various optimization strategies and energy management systems applicable to green hydrogen production across different energy sources and production methods, including electrolysis, biohydrogen generation, thermochemical cycles, photocatalysis, and plasmolysis. Although electrolysis currently accounts for approximately 4% of global energy consumption and remains the leading technology for hydrogen production, recent studies indicate that plasmolysis may offer comparable effectiveness. Plasmolysis could be more efficient and cost-effective due to its lower energy requirements, reduced equipment needs, and decreased costs. This study focuses on the economic viability, reliability, and practical implementation aspects of green hydrogen production systems, providing insights into how these technologies can be optimized for future sustainable energy applications.