Modelling and Simulation of Lithium-Ion Battery with Thermal Dependence

The growing demand for high-performance lithium-ion batteries in applications including power tools, grid storage, and electric vehicles calls for the creation of precise and trustworthy models for battery simulation and characterization. It emphasizes the need for precise models to simulate and characterize battery behavior. In this paper a comprehensive approach using a Three-Resistor-Capacitor (3-RC) equivalent circuit model to simulate lithium-ion batteries, focusing on their electrochemical charge/discharge mechanisms is presented. During a series of 31A discharge pulses, the cell potential decreases as the SOC started declining. The model effectively replicates capacity degradation, efficiency losses, and thermal management, contributing to safer, more durable, and efficient battery systems. The simulation successfully tracks open-circuit voltage (OCV) decline and replicates nine discharge pulses, demonstrating its accuracy in capturing system dynamics. The streamlined approach of the equivalent circuit model makes it an excellent choice when developing both control algorithms and system-level models. This simulation framework developed is an approach to optimize Li-ion battery management systems and to find means of advancement of future Li-ion technologies.