Spatial Domain Image Watermarking Framework using Pixel-Based Saliency Map and Histogram Equalization

Nowadays, Processing and transmitting data primarily occur in the digital world, making copyright protection a serious concern, especially in data augmentation or reproduction. Digital watermarking is a common solution. This method employs a pixel-based saliency map, histogram equalization, and alpha blending to create a spatial domain watermarking strategy. The saliency map identifies less visible areas in images, embedding information gradually based on histogram data. Alterations outside visually prominent regions remain less noticeable. The histogram approach helps locate areas suitable for concealing confidential information. Experimental results and analysis using various frameworks demonstrate that our method ensures transparency within the cover object while enhancing resilience and concealment capabilities.