Harnessing Quantum Entanglement for Enhancing the Integrity of Quantum Cryptography

In the realm of Quantum Cryptography, it is unlikely for an eavesdropper to intervene in the communication process; however, detecting intervention is not always feasible. Quantum Cryptography encompasses spooky phenomena from the realm of Quantum Physics. Quantum Entanglement – one of these phenomena – enables Quantum Communication by providing 100% detection of eavesdroppers whenever there is any unethical intervention. The rules of Quantum Entanglement preserve the integrity of Quantum Communication by ensuring the intactness between entangled particles irrespective of the distance between them. In quantum cryptography, photons are sent through polarized filters to generate a certain sequence of polarizations on either side (sender and receiver), which is compared after the communication takes place over a classical channel, such as a telephone. With conventional Quantum Cryptography, intervention can be prevented; however, it may not be detected every time. By using Quantum Entanglement, one can generate pairs of entangled photons on either side and transmit these pairs via a Quantum Channel (Fiber Optical Cable). Every time a particle is measured on any side of the communication, it immediately collapses the wave function of the other entangled pair of particles, resulting in the detection of intervention. Suppose there is any intervention other than the sender and receiver; in that case, Quantum Entanglement will provide detection of intervention at both sides as soon as an eavesdropper comes in between the communication, allowing the sender and receiver to be aware of the presence of the eavesdropper. The moment after the communication takes place, the sender and receiver can acknowledge the presence of an eavesdropper by identifying the correlation between the filters used in the communication to transmit the photons. This paper provides an approach to enhance the integrity of Quantum Cryptography by implementing certain spooky phenomena from the realm of Quantum Physics, like Quantum Entanglement, thus providing an extra layer of intervention detection and making Quantum Communication 100% secure.