A Three-Step Optimization Framework With Hybrid Models for a Humanoid Robot’s Jump Motion

High dynamic jump motions are challenging tasks for humanoid robots to achieve environment adaptation and obstacle crossing. The trajectory optimization is a practical method to achieve high-dynamic and explosive jumping. This paper proposes a 3-step trajectory optimization framework for generating a jump motion for a humanoid robot. To improve iteration speed and achieve ideal performance, the framework comprises three sub-optimizations. The first optimization incorporates momentum, inertia, and center of pressure (CoP), treating the robot as a static reaction momentum pendulum (SRMP) model to generate corresponding trajectories. The second optimization maps these trajectories to joint space using effective Quadratic Programming (QP) solvers. Finally, the third optimization generates whole-body joint trajectories utilizing trajectories generated by previous parts. With the combined consideration of momentum and inertia, the robot achieves agile forward jump motions. A simulation and experiments of forward jump with a distance of 1.0 m and 0.5 m height are presented in this paper, validating the applicability of the proposed framework. Note to Practitioners—The motivation of this paper stems from the need to improve jumping performance of humanoid robots. By comprehensively considering factors such as robot posture, centroidal angular momentum, and landing foot placement, the algorithm enhances the robot’s ability to navigate complex environments. This capability is crucial for applications that require overcoming obstacles, such as in search and rescue or inspection tasks. Improved jumping ability can significantly boost environmental adaptability, allowing robots to perform effectively in diverse conditions, and it also represents an exploration of the high-dynamic motion capabilities of humanoid robots. Future research will focus on integrating visual and perceptual information to enhance decision-making.