A Novel Dynamic Peer-to-Peer Carbon Right Sharing Scheme for Microgrid Clusters

In this paper, a novel four-level distributed game decision-making framework of dynamic peer-to-peer (P2P) carbon emission right (CER) sharing is proposed for microgrid clusters (MGCs), which consists of four phases: exploration, selection, equilibrium and correction. Firstly, in the exploration stage, the tradable information is published by microgrids (MGs) and an initial set of tradable options is constructed. Secondly, in the selection stage, bilateral transaction coefficients are calculated according to the deficit and surplus of CERs in the P2P carbon market, and then an optimal sharing matching scheme of CERs is designed to reduce invalid transactions. Thirdly, in the equilibrium stage, a P2P carbon right sharing strategy based on the Stackelberg game is proposed to realize the dynamic change in carbon prices and the flexible conversion of leader-follower roles in P2P carbon trading, which can promote the popularity of carbon market. Fourthly, in the correction stage, a carbon emission right balancer (CERB) is developed to avoid the imbalance of CERs, and then a billing scheme including incentives and penalties is established to achieve the benefit redistribution after P2P carbon trading. In the end, numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-layer game decision-making framework for P2P carbon right sharing among MGs.