Optimal power dispatch of solar PV-battery storage system for electric vehicle battery swapping stations under grid scheduled load-shedding

This paper presents an optimal power flow dispatching for a grid-connected photovoltaic-battery energy storage system under grid-scheduled load-shedding to explore solar energy sufficiently and to benefit the electric vehicle battery swapping station at the charging demand side. The proposed system comprises a solar photovoltaic system, a battery energy storage system, and an electric vehicle battery swapping station. The optimization problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem in a discrete-time domain to minimize the operational costs associated with the power flow drawn from the utility grid and the wearing cost of the hybrid system due to the frequent charging and discharging of the battery energy storage system when charging the depleted EV battery. A linear programming method determines the optimal power flow in the proposed system to charge the depleted battery for electric vehicles. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the developed model by providing the optimal dispatch power flow at the electric vehicle battery swapping station at the charging demand side. The comparative analysis with related works further underscores the competitive performance of the proposed optimization approach in enhancing energy resilience and cost efficiency.