Smart Antennas and Machine Learning: Enhancing Beamforming in Wireless Communications

One of the most effective and widely used technological advancements for increasing capacity, enhancing quality, and expanding coverage in wireless communications systems is the smart antenna. Smart antennas are essential for increasing the effectiveness and dependability of wireless communication systems because they make use of cutting-edge signal processing techniques. Smart antennas' beamforming capability, which concentrates signal transmission and reception in particular directions, increases signal strength, lowers interference, and expands network capacity. As wireless networks become more complicated, machine learning (ML) has become a potent tool for beamforming optimisation. ML algorithms can proactively adjust antenna characteristics by using real-time data, learning from fluctuations in the environment to optimise performance. In order to improve beamforming capabilities, this research investigates the incorporation of ML with smart antenna systems. We go over several ML techniques, such as supervised and reinforcement learning, for resource allocation, user localisation, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) optimisation. Additionally, we draw attention to how deep learning might enhance spatial filtering, facilitating more effective communication in 5G and beyond. The potential direction for next-generation wireless communication networks is presented by the convergence of ML and smart antennas.