Dynamic Testing and Compensation for Marine Temperature Sensors Based on Fireworks Algorithm

Packaged temperature sensors exhibit significant thermal hysteresis effects, which directly impact their dynamic performance and accuracy during rapid temperature variations in marine environments. This article focuses on platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs), which are commonly used in oceanic applications, and a dynamic testing method was proposed that employs temperature step excitation within a fully liquid environment, along with a full range dynamic error compensation approach based on the fireworks algorithm (FWA). Initially, a dynamic testing system was developed, and its testing repeatability was verified. Subsequently, a sample database for PRTs at various temperature steps was created. By optimizing the fitness function, the FWA was utilized on the sample database during the iterative process to design a dynamic error compensation filter. The resulting compensation filter demonstrated enhanced universality across various temperature step sizes within the sensor measurement range. Through the filter’s compensation, the rise time of the packaged PRT was reduced from an average of 477–121 ms within the measurement range. Furthermore, the dynamic response characteristics of the packaged PRT closely resembled those of the bare PRT. The dynamic testing method, which simulates heat transfer in real-world scenarios, in conjunction with the dynamic compensation method introduced in this article, can also be employed to achieve dynamic compensation for sensors operating under diverse testing principles.