Optimal Scheduling of Importance-Based DoS Attack in Multisystems

This article is concerned with the security of remote state estimation in multisystems. Different from most works, we study a novel denial-of-service (DoS) attack, which we call an importance-based DoS attack. Here, subsystem importance is defined as the quantitative impact of each subsystem on the overall state estimation accuracy, which is critical for ensuring correct decision-making. This work assumes that there are N subsystems, and the DoS attacker can only target M out of N communication channels due to energy constraints. The attacker’s goal is to determine the optimal strategy to degrade the performance of remote state estimation. Two attack scenarios are considered: a model-based scenario where the attacker has knowledge of the overall dynamics and parameters of the system and a model-free scenario where the attacker lacks access to the wireless channel model. The problem is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP) with an infinite time horizon. In addition, the optimal attack strategies corresponding to different importance function forms under various scenarios are considered, and solutions for some specific cases are provided. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.