Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithm; for Conversion Predictors of Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) to Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

The central nervous system is impacted by multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic neurological condition that causes significant cognitive and physical deficits. Better disease management and prompt intervention depend on early and precise detection. Effective diagnosis of MS is hampered by a number of factors, such as small datasets, significant clinical presentation variability, difficult feature selection, model generalization problems, and integration of multimodal data such as magnetic resonance imaging and genetic markers. Several machine learning (ML) models are assessed in this study in order to predict the development of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to multiple sclerosis. Using clinical and magnetic resonance data from patients with CIS at risk of developing MS, we evaluate the effectiveness of support vector machines (SVM), K nearest neighbor (KNN), decision trees (DT), random forests (RF), logistic regression (LR), Gaussian naive Bayes (Gaussian NB) and XGBoost (XG). Evaluation is performed using performance criteria including F1 score, recall, precision, and precision. According to our research, Random Forest has the best prediction accuracy, which makes it a potentially useful tool for helping doctors diagnose and treat MS patients early. Notwithstanding these developments, issues like model interpretability and data scarcity still exist. In order to improve diagnosis precision, future research will concentrate on enhancing these models by integrating deep learning methods, genetic markers,, and more advanced imaging modalities.