Cluster Head Selection Algorithm using Machine Learning

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) find extensive applications in environmental monitoring, healthcare, and smart cities. Energy efficiency, however, continues to be a significant challenge with the limited lifetime of sensor node batteries. The conventional heuristic-based cluster head (CH) selection techniques tend not to adapt dynamically to network changes, resulting in inefficient energy utilization and decreased network lifetime. This research discusses Machine Learning (ML)-oriented CH selection approaches to improve energy efficiency, network lifetime, and data fusion. Using supervised and unsupervised learning methods, ML algorithms are able to learn optimal CHs dynamically based on residual energy, network structure, and data traffic. The comparative analysis show that ML-based CH selection enhances network stability by 95% and lowers energy consumption by 50% compared to traditional methods. The research points to the promise of ML in WSN performance optimization and opens the doors to intelligent, adaptive clustering technologies.