Energy efficient clustering and sink mobility protocol using hybrid Golden Jackal and improved whale optimization algorithm for improving network longevity in WSNs

Reliable Cluster Head (CH) selection-based routing protocols are necessary for increasing the packet transmission efficiency with optimal path discovery that never introduces degradation over the transmission reliability. In this paper, Hybrid Golden Jackal, and Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (HGJIWOA) is proposed as an effective and optimal routing protocol that guarantees efficient routing of data packets in the established between the CHs and the movable sink. This HGJIWOA included the phases of Dynamic Lens-Imaging Learning Strategy and Novel Update Rules for determining the reliable route essential for data packets broadcasting attained through fitness measure estimation-based CH selection. The process of CH selection achieved using Golden Jackal Optimization Algorithm (GJOA) completely depends on the factors of maintainability, consistency, trust, delay, and energy. The adopted GJOA algorithm play a dominant role in determining the optimal path of routing depending on the parameter of reduced delay and minimal distance. It further utilized Improved Whale Optimisation Algorithm (IWOA) for forwarding the data from chosen CHs to the BS via optimized route depending on the parameters of energy and distance. It also included a reliable route maintenance process that aids in deciding the selected route through which data need to be transmitted or re-routed. The simulation outcomes of the proposed HGJIWOA mechanism with different sensor nodes confirmed an improved mean throughput of 18.21%, sustained residual energy of 19.64% with minimized end-to-end delay of 21.82%, better than the competitive CH selection approaches.