A Comprehensive Review of Sensor Fusion Techniques in SLAM: Trends, Challenges and Future Directions

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) equips machines with the capability to map and navigate unfamiliar environments autonomously. By employing sensor fusion, SLAM's precision and dependability are significantly improved as data from a variety of sensors are combined. This review delves into the core principles of SLAM, explores diverse methods of sensor fusion, and examines the incorporation of artificial intelligence in SLAM systems. Additionally, it addresses the technical hurdles and environmental factors that affect SLAM's performance. Future research directions are also identified, emphasizing the promising role of interdisciplinary approaches and emerging technologies in enhancing SLAM's development.