Nmerical Simulation Study on the Thermodynamic Characteristics of Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen Tank Under Heat Leakage

Liquid hydrogen, known for its high energy density and zero emissions, has emerged as a key player in future energy development. Despite the implementation of insulation measures, the extremely low storage temperature of liquid hydrogen allows external heat to penetrate the tank, leading to boiling and thermal stratification. Extensive evaporation of liquid hydrogen results in a rapid increase in tank pressure, particularly during prolonged sea transport, where continuous heat accumulation exacerbates the pressure rise, posing significant safety risks. This study employs numerical simulation methods to analyze the impact of external heat leakage on the thermodynamic behavior within the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The analysis includes the temperature field, flow field, and pressure variations in the gas phase space inside the tank. The findings reveal a high-temperature zone at the tank's top due to substantial heat accumulation. Additionally, the area near the dished head of the tank is affected by heat from both the top and the head, causing noticeable natural convection. This convection enhances heat transfer in the gas phase region of the tank and promotes the formation of thermal stratification. This research offers a theoretical foundation and technical support for optimizing liquid hydrogen storage and transportation systems, significantly contributing to the safe storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen.