Feasibility of Secure Transaction Authentication Using a cVEP-Based BCI

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) translate neural signals into commands, providing an alternative means for information transfer between humans and technologies. While BCIs are utilized as input devices in a wide range of applications, their potential role in securing digital transactions remains underexplored. Code-modulated visual evoked potentials (cVEPs), a special form of visual stimulus for BCIs known for their good performance, may also offer an untapped advantage through their unique random or pseudorandom input approach. This pilot study integrates a cVEP-based BCI with a transaction authentication number (TAN) platform to simulate secure online authentication. The developed platform demonstrated variable performance and success, establishing this study as a proof of concept and outlining the path for further refinements in user interface design and system optimization. This work paves the way for enhanced accessibility and innovative authentication methods in cybersecurity.