Comprehensive Survey of Post-Quantum Secure Lattice-Based Authentication Schemes for VANETs

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) rely heavily on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) to enable secure and reliable communication between vehicles and roadside infrastructure. However, Shor's algorithm poses a significant threat to conventional cryptographic systems. To counteract this threat, post-quantum cryptography offers quantum-resistant solutions capable of providing secure authentication in the face of quantum adversaries. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of recently proposed six post-quantum state-of-the-art authentication protocols designed to meet the security and performance demands of VANETs. The survey identifies key strengths and limitations in existing approaches, providing valuable insights to guide future research in designing robust, efficient, and quantum-resistant authentication mechanisms for next-generation vehicular networks.