Average Active Element Gain Estimates for Rectangular Arrays

An investigation into the convergence of the active element gain for planar arrays is presented. The goal is to evaluate the convergence and accuracy of estimates for the active element gain. The simulation of planar arrays of different sizes shows that the active element gain converges quickly when no grating lobes are present. However, when grating lobes are present, the convergence can be slow and the known estimates can be inaccurate. New estimates are proposed that are more accurate when grating lobes are present.