A Novel Method for Quick Diagnosis of MS by Analyzing Demyelinated Axon Pathway and Changes in Brain Volumes in MRIs Over Time

In a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient’s brain, plaques form in the axon pathway and discharge a portion of the neural signals from the axon, leading to signal losses. An axon transmits neural signals generated by several dendrites connected to the cell body. In a healthy brain, these signals have the same frequency and no inference in a circular pathway because they are aligned with the closed simple geodesics and transmitted into the axons by the cell body. Based on the ergodic theory of the earthquake flow, these signals seem to be ergodic along the axon pathway. This paper extracted changes in the volumes of the gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients from magnetic resonance (MR) image slices over time by comparing MR images with the earlier MR images of the same patients. The volume changes arising from the passing of signals through the demyelinated axons were observed to be directly correlated with MS progression and inversely correlated with signal variation in demyelinated axons. The demyelinated axon pathway was modeled with the transmission lines of signal losses, and these lines were formulated in the form of Bessel functions of the first kind. The function curves were then intersected with the volumetric analysis samples of MS patients over time, obtaining two unique curves for MS progression and signals passing through the demyelinated axons for each patient. The statistical indices of the MR images of 53 patients taken were analyzed over a period, and MS and its progression were demonstrated to be ergodic. MS can be diagnosed by considering not only changes in the brain volumes but also the statistical indices of MR images over time.