A Power Control and Management Framework for Integration of PV-based DC Microgrids with Battery Storages and Supercapacitors

The increasing prominence of DC microgrids (MGs) in modern power systems necessitates effective power control and management frameworks, particularly for integrating renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) systems. This paper proposes an innovative control and management framework for PV-based DC microgrids, featuring a hybrid energy storage system that includes batteries and supercapacitors. The proposed system leverages batteries’ high energy density and supercapacitors’ rapid response capabilities to manage short- and long-term power fluctuations. A voltage-variation-based control strategy is introduced to maintain system stability in both grid-connected and islanded modes, ensuring reliable power delivery under diverse conditions. Key contributions include integrating a hybrid storage system to enhance performance, eliminating communication links between system components to reduce complexity, and a novel control approach that balances power contributions from the PV system, battery, and supercapacitor without optimization overheads. The system’s effectiveness is demonstrated through simulations under various challenging scenarios, such as sudden load changes and PV faults. Results show that the framework maintains a stable DC link voltage, significantly reduces voltage ripple to under %2, and improves system responsiveness, ensuring continuous operation in dynamic environments.