Efficient Resource Allocation in Computing Power Networks Considering Similar Task Merging: A Lyapunov Optimization-Based DRL Approach

The cloud-edge–terminal architecture relies on hierarchy for resource allocation but lacks global optimization. The computing power network (CPN) introduces a new distributed computing paradigm, integrating cross-domain, heterogeneous resources for global scheduling. However, most CPN research focuses on task optimization during resource allocation, while neglecting the similarity of random tasks before the allocation stage. Additionally, fragmented CPN resources and complex task demands pose challenges to global load balancing. This article proposes a deep reinforcement learning framework with task merging and congestion avoidance for on-demand resource allocation. Specifically, a low-complexity similar task merging algorithm reduces redundant resource consumption during task preprocessing. In task offloading, the principal neighborhood aggregated graph neural network captures CPN’s intricate features. Lyapunov optimization, integrated into a multithreaded training framework, minimizes resource backlog congestion. A carefully designed reward function balances multiple objectives, enhancing computing resource utilization efficiency and ensuring system stability. Theoretical analysis shows that with control parameter V, the tradeoff between resource utilization efficiency and system stability follows the relationship [O(1/V), O(V)]. Extensive experiments demonstrate a 33.5% improvement in resource utilization efficiency and a 62.7% increase in task offloading success rates with respect to those in state-of-the-art algorithms. The proposed algorithm exhibits robustness and effectiveness, particularly in high-load and real network topologies.