Advances in Metasurface Antenna for Real-Time Biomedical Applications

A microstrip patch antenna with a $5 \times 5$ Metasurface (MS) is developed and examined for potential use in biomedical applications. A flexible, biocompatible substrate of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used to make the antenna. The proposed structure underwent testing on a synthetic phantom that accurately imitates the properties of human flesh. The return loss of the antenna is found to be 23.9 dB, which indicated good impedance matching at 2.45 GHz operating frequency with bandwidth of 6.2%. Besides, the realized gain and overall efficiency are 6.6 dBi and $\mathbf{6 9 \%}$ respectively indicating that there has been a significant improvement in directivity and efficiency after the application of MS on it. Evaluation of surface current distribution also confirms that MS optimization significantly improves radiating features of this antenna. This data shows how well-suited the previously indicated design of using such antennas is for biomedical applications due to its dependability and effectiveness when seen as a system unit.