Logic OR Based Modified Forward Backward Load Flow Method for the Siting and Sizing of DGs in Radial Distribution Networks

In the past few years, the growing demand for power has led to a substantial emphasis on optimizing distribution networks (DNs) along with distributed generations. The optimal placement of distributed generators (DGs) within these networks has become increasingly important, aiming to reduce power losses and mitigate voltage drops effectively. Therefore, the present research explores the efficient sizing and strategic deployment of DGs in distribution networks. Conventional Newton Raphson Load Flow (NR-LF) method is not applicable for the distribution networks with high R/X ratio due to the singularity of Jacobian matrix. Here an efficient and modified Logical OR based Forward Backward Load Flow (MFB-LF) technique is implemented which is based on the simple matrix equations and successfully tested on distribution networks. In the proposed load flow analysis, the Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) phases are combined by a simple matrix and directly finding out the value for bus voltages. The novel Load Flow analysis is conducted on 33-bus radial networks and its results are compared with the Newton Raphson method and standard Forward Backward Load Flow method and the solution to the multi-objective problem is obtained using Mixed Discrete Particle swarm optimization (MD-PSO). A comparative analysis of the optimization results with the weighted sum method is presented across various combinations.