AIoT-Based Water Quality Monitoring System for Enhanced Mud Crab Farming

Maintaining optimal water quality is fundamental to the success of aquaculture, particularly in mud crab farming. Parameters such as $\mathrm{p H}$, temperature, alkalinity, and nitrates are traditionally checked manually, which can lead to errors and significant losses in aquaculture. These issues can be overcome with an IoT-based water quality monitoring system, automating real-time tracking and analysis of these parameters. The system uses multiple sensors to gather essential data, which is sent to the cloud for detailed analysis and storage via a microcontroller. An easy-to-use dashboard visualizes the data, and an alert system notifies farmers when conditions deviate from optimal levels, enabling timely actions. This IoT approach significantly improves sustainability and efficiency in mud crab farming, leading to better productivity and higher profitability. The system is highly efficient, providing live insights that improve water management practices within aquaculture, while also reducing costs associated with traditional laboratory testing and offering continuous, real-time monitoring for farmers. The system monitors parameters such as $\mathrm{p H}(7.5-9.0)$, temperature (25– $35^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$), dissolved oxygen ($\gt5 \mathrm{ppm}$), salinity (10-25 ppt), and turbidity (Secchi disc $20-\mathrm{3 0} \mathrm{~ c m}$), all of which are continuously tracked to ensure optimal water quality for sustainable aquaculture.