Sensing-Assisted Intelligent Transportation System With Adaptive Power Allocation and Automatic Beam Control

The integrated sensing and communication-enhanced (ISAC-enhanced) intelligent transportation system (ITS) has great development potential and market value in future urban vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) scenarios. With limited total power consumption, joint design of power distribution and beam steering of sensing and communication subsystems is required to achieve optimal system performance. This paper introduces an intelligent power allocation and beam-steering control system, where both the system actions are determined based on the radar sensing data cube. The adaptive power allocation module employs the Actor-Critic reinforcement learning agents to optimize power distribution based on vehicle GPS data, communication channel capacity, and historical power allocation, balancing the overall system performance including the sensing and communication functions. The automatic beam control module, utilizing the convolutional neural network (CNN) for dynamic beam control, intelligently adapts communication beams for vehicles navigating complex roadways, enhancing the beam tracking accuracy and quality of service. Validation on real-world datasets showcases the effectiveness of these modules, highlighting the potential to enhance vehicular communication performance.