Cyber-Resilient IoT-Based Battery Energy Storage Systems in Power Distribution System

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are critical for addressing the intermittent nature of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in power distribution networks. By enabling real-time monitoring and remote control, Internet of Things (IoT)-based BESS controllers are essential to optimize energy storage and ensure efficient management and operation of the power distribution grid. However, the proliferation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in IoT-based associated control for BESS introduces cyber vulnerabilities. This paper contributes to a) analyzing the cyber-security challenges and threat landscape faced by IoT-based BESS controllers, b) developing a practical approach to formulate cyber-physical resilience metrics to assess the performance of IoT-based BESS under realistic cyber threat scenarios, c) developing detection and mitigation strategies to improve the cyber-resilience of the IoT based BESS. The proposed cyber-physical resilience metrics and defense mechanisms are validated using a real-time cyber-physical co-simulation testbed, consisting of Typhoon HIL, OpenDSS, and Mininet. The testbed simulates a number of practical-scenarios, and the proposed scheme is effective in quantifying the cyber-physical resilience and mitigating the effects of cyber threats in IoT-based Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS).