Harmonic-Tuned Power Amplifier Using Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Topology Generation Algorithm

Numerical optimization techniques are widely used in microwave circuits but are limited to fixed topologies, constraining their achievable performance and suffering from suboptimal designs. This letter presents a novel topological algorithm that can automatically synthesize practical circuit layouts that can satisfy prescribed specifications without preselecting the topology. To achieve this goal, the proposed method integrates a pixelated circuit generation strategy with the differential evolution algorithm (DEA). A new objective function is also developed to match the fundamental impedances while controlling harmonic responses. Good agreement between simulation and measurements for a wideband high-efficiency power amplifier (PA) validates the proposed algorithm.