Osprey Optimization Algorithm for Load Frequency Control in Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Based Three-Area Power Generating System

The main objective of improving interconnected multi-area power systems in terms of automatic generation control (AGC) is making sure of reliable power production along with distribution, particularly in emergency situations. Despite technological progress, maintaining stable operation and efficient response to dynamic load changes remains a challenge. This study proposes A supplementary controller for regulating load frequency in an LFC system, aimed at improving system stability during sudden load fluctuations. The approach involves the optimal tuning of a PID controller applying the Osprey Optimization Algorithm (OOA). Consisting of three areas, a power system comprising of wind turbines, reheat thermal, and PV units, is developed to determine the optimal PID gain settings. Results show that the proposed OOA achieved rapid convergence, reaching optimal parameters by the 11^th iteration, and provided a very low ITAE value of 0.07142.