Universal design of an Embedded Hardware for Educational robotics based on Atmega328P

This paper presents the design and development of an universal and cost-effective embedded hardware platform for educational robotics applications. The core of the system utilizes the popular Atmega328P microcontroller, known for its robustness and affordability. The design prioritizes minimalism principles while maintaining essential functionalities for basic robot control and sensors integration. The hardware system includes four stepper motor drivers, four H-bridge motor drivers, a 16-channel PWM controller and GPIO connections for sensors and user command. The software design provides a versatile framework for controlling motors, reading sensor data, and enabling communication between devices, making the platform easy to program and customize. Our design makes the system ideal for educational and research settings, allowing users to explore robotics concepts without the constraints of complex and expensive hardware.