Numerical Modeling and Investigation of Streamer Breakdown in a Coaxial Plasma Torch Based on Townsend Processes

This article investigates electrical breakdown between the electrodes of a coaxial plasma burner for burning biogas. Simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics cover Townsend and streamer discharges in the air under normal conditions, focusing on electric field parameters, breakdown voltage, and electrode spacing. It was established that the breakdown occurs at a voltage of 13.5 kV, confirmed experimentally. The analysis showed that the streamer discharge develops faster than the Townsend discharge, demonstrating different ionization mechanisms. The results can be used to optimize plasma burners, increasing combustion stability and energy efficiency, which will contribute to developing plasma combustion technologies.