A Comprehensive Review of Multipath Routing and Load Balancing Methods in MANET

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are wirelessly linked networks that automatically configure themselves. The dynamic nature and absence of fixed infrastructure provide distinct problems, necessitating effective routing and load balancing to ensure optimal network performance. Multipath routing and load balancing are critical solutions for addressing these difficulties. The primary challenges include dynamic topology, limited bandwidth, energy constraints, and node mobility. In this article provide the comprehensive study about multipath routing, energy aware and load balancing techniques which strengthen the QoS of the network. Multipath routing involves establishing multiple paths between a source and a destination. This technique enhances reliability, fault tolerance, and load distribution. Load balancing in MANETs aims to distribute traffic uniformly across the network to avoid overloading any single node or link. Combining multipath routing and load balancing can significantly enhance MANET performance. Protocols need to dynamically select multiple paths and balance loads based on real-time network conditions. Multipath routing and load balancing are essential techniques for enhancing the performance, reliability, and longevity of MANETs. Future research should focus on scalable, secure, and QoS-aware solutions that can adapt to the dynamic nature of MANETs.