Current Status of HVdc Technology [In My View]

The adoption of high-voltage direct current (HVdc) transmission is rapidly increasing worldwide, with evolving concepts and configurations. Presently, over 250 HVdc systems are operational globally, and numerous new HVdc projects, including both overhead lines and cable systems, are in the planning stages. HVdc technology has been in use for over half a century, initially relying on line-commutated converters (LCCs), also known as current source converters. In the past two decades, voltage source converter (VSC)-based HVdc systems have gained prominence in the power industry, with power ratings now reaching up to 2,000 to 3,000 MW.